The Acqua Panna^® Natural Spring Water source is located 3,700 feet high in the serene Apennines Mountains of Tuscany.

Known for centuries to noblemen, hunters, shepherds and farmers for its remarkable purity and freshness, Acqua Panna^® Natural Spring Water comes from a source located on a vast, unspoiled natural reserve. The source, to the north of Florence, is nestled among beechwood and chestnut forests, and lush meadows on the slopes of Mount Gazzaro in the town of Scarperia.

Geology and Composition
The geology of the area can be outlined as follows:

■ Detritic and weathered soils at the ground surface (Quaternary).

■ Oligocene layered coarse sandstone in the Tuscan section.

■ Clays in the Ligurian section, impermeable layers located below the sandstone and also in lateral contact in the southernmost portion of the concession.

During the geological history of the Apennines, these formations (with the exception of the Quaternary soils) were involved in several geologic events through which the strata were shifted and reshaped with folds, major faults and fractures.

The Quaternary deposits are made of weathered silty and clayey soils. The thickness of these impermeable soils and the bedrock above the groundwater aquifer is around 100 meters or more.